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Preliminary Information 16k (2k x 8)
X1242
DESCRIPTION
2-WireTM RTC
Real Time Clock/Calendar/Alarms/CPU Supervisor with EEPROM
FEATURES * * * * Selectable watchdog timer (0.25s, 0.75s, 1.75s, off) Power on reset (250ms) Programmable low voltage reset 2 polled alarms --Settable on the second, minutes, hour, day, month, or day of the week 2-wire interface interoperable with I2C --400kHz data transfer rate Secondary power supply input with internal switch-over circuitry 2Kbytes of EEPROM --64-byte page write mode --3-bit Block LockTM protection Low power CMOS --<1A operating current --<3mA active current-EEPROM program --<400A active current-EEPROM read Single byte write capability Typical nonvolatile write cycle time: 5ms High reliability Small package options --8-lead SOIC package, 8-lead TSSOP package The X1242 is a Real Time Clock with calendar/CPU supervisor circuits and two polled alarms. The dual port clock and alarm registers allow the clock to operate, without loss of accuracy, even during read and write operations. The clock/calendar provides functionality that is controllable and readable through a set of registers. The clock, using a low cost 32.768kHz crystal input, accurately tracks the time in seconds, minutes, hours, date, day, month and years. It has leap year correction and automatic adjustment for months with less than 31 days. The X1242 provides a watchdog timer with 3 selectable time out periods and off. The watchdog activates a RESET pin when it expires. The reset also goes active when VCC drops below a fixed trip point. There are two alarms where a match is monitored by polling status bits. The device offers a backup power input pin. This VBACK pin allows the device to be backed up by a nonrechargeable battery. The RTC is fully operational from 1.8 to 5.5 volts. The X1242 provides a 2Kbyte EEPROM array, giving a safe, secure memory for critical user and configuration data. This memory is unaffected by complete failure of the main and backup supplies. BLOCK DIAGRAM
32.768kHz X1 Oscillator X2 Frequency Divider 1Hz Timer Calendar Logic
* * *
*
* * * *
Time Keeping Registers (SRAM)
SCL SDA
8
RESET Watchdog Timer Low Voltage Reset
Mask
Serial Interface Decoder
Control Decode Logic
Control/ Registers (EEPROM)
Status Registers (SRAM)
Alarm
Compare Alarm Regs (EEPROM) 16k (2k x 8) EEPROM Array
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Characteristics subject to change without notice.
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
PIN CONFIGURATION
X1242 8-Pin SOIC X1 X2 RESET VSS 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 VCC VBACK SCL SDA 10M SCL SDA VSS RESET 360K X1 X2
quartz crystal is used. Recommended crystal is a Citizen CFS-206. The crystal supplies a timebase for a clock/ oscillator. The internal clock can be driven by an external signal on X1, with X2 left unconnected. Figure 1. Recommended Crystal Connection
12pF
X1242 8-Pin TSSOP VBACK VCC X1 X2 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 68pF
POWER CONTROL OPERATION The Power control circuit accepts a VCC and a VBACK input. The power control circuit will switch to VBACK when VCC < VBACK - 0.2V. It will switch back to VCC when VCC exceeds VBACK. Figure 2. Power Control
VCC VBACK VCC = VBACK -0.2V Internal Voltage
PIN DESCRIPTIONS Serial Clock (SCL) The SCL input is used to clock all data into and out of the device. The input buffer on this pin is always active (not gated). Serial Data (SDA) SDA is a bidirectional pin used to transfer data into and out of the device. It has an open drain output and may be wire ORed with other open drain or open collector outputs. The input buffer is always active (not gated). An open drain output requires the use of a pull-up resistor. The output circuitry controls the fall time of the output signal with the use of a slope controlled pulldown. The circuit is designed for 400kHz 2-wire interface speeds. VBACK This input provides a backup supply voltage to the device. VBACK supplies power to the device in the event the VCC supply fails. RESET Output--RESET This is a reset signal output. This signal notifies a host processor that the watchdog time period has expired or that the voltage has dropped below a fixed VTRIP threshold. It is an open drain active LOW output. X1, X2 The X1 and X2 pins are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier that can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator. A 32.768kHz
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REAL TIME CLOCK OPERATION The Real Time Clock (RTC) uses an external, 32.768kHz quartz crystal to maintain an accurate internal representation of the year, month, day, date, hour, minute, and seconds. The RTC has leap-year correction and century byte. The clock also corrects for months having fewer than 31 days and has a bit that controls 24-hour or AM/PM format. When the X1242 powers up after the loss of both VCC and VBACK, the clock will not increment until at least one byte is written to the clock register. Reading the Real Time Clock The RTC is read by initiating a Read command and specifying the address corresponding to the register of the Real Time Clock. The RTC Registers can then be read in a Sequential Read Mode. Since the clock runs continuously and a read takes a finite amount of time, there is the possibility that the clock could change during the course of a read operation. In this device, the
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Characteristics subject to change without notice.
X1242 - Preliminary Information
time is latched by the read command (falling edge of the clock on the ACK bit prior to RTC data output) into a separate latch to avoid time changes during the read operation. The clock continues to run. Alarms occurring during a read are unaffected by the read operation. Writing to the Real Time Clock The time and date may be set by writing to the RTC registers. To avoid changing the current time by an uncompleted write operation, the current time value is loaded into a separate buffer at the falling edge of the clock on the ACK bit before the RTC data input bytes, the clock continues to run. The new serial input data replaces the values in the buffer. This new RTC value is loaded back into the RTC Register by a stop bit at the end of a valid write sequence. An invalid write operation aborts the time update procedure and the contents of the buffer are discarded. After a valid write operation the RTC will reflect the newly loaded data beginning with the first "one second" clock cycle after the stop bit. The RTC continues to update the time while an RTC register write is in progress and the RTC continues to run during any nonvolatile write sequences. A single byte may be written to the RTC without affecting the other bytes. CLOCK/CONTROL REGISTERS (CCR) The Control/Clock Registers are located in an area separate from the EEPROM array and are only accessible following a slave byte of "1101111x" and reads or writes to addresses [0000h:003Fh]. CCR Access The contents of the CCR can be modified by performing a byte or a page write operation directly to any address in the CCR. Prior to writing to the CCR (except the status register), however, the WEL and RWEL bits must be set using a two step process (See section "Writing to the Clock/Control Registers.") The CCR is divided into 5 sections. These are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Alarm 0 (8 bytes) Alarm 1 (8 bytes) Control (1 byte) Real Time Clock (8 bytes) Status (1 byte) only after a valid write operation and stop bit. A sequential read or page write operation provides access to the contents of only one section of the CCR per operation. Access to another section requires a new operation. Continued reads or writes, once reaching the end of a section, will wrap around to the start of the section. A read or page write can begin at any address in the CCR. Section 5) is a volatile register. It is not necessary to set the RWEL bit prior to writing the status register. Section 5) supports a single byte read or write only. Continued reads or writes from this section terminates the operation. The state of the CCR can be read by performing a random read at any address in the CCR at any time. This returns the contents of that register location. Additional registers are read by performing a sequential read. The read instruction latches all Clock registers into a buffer, so an update of the clock does not change the time being read. A sequential read of the CCR will not result in the output of data from the memory array. At the end of a read, the master supplies a stop condition to end the operation and free the bus. After a read of the CCR, the address remains at the previous address +1 so the user can execute a current address read of the CCR and continue reading the next Register. ALARM REGISTERS There are two alarm registers whose contents mimic the contents of the RTC register, but add enable bits and exclude the 24-hour time selection bit. The enable bits specify which registers to use in the comparison between the Alarm and Real Time Registers. For example: - The user can set the X1242 to alarm every Wednesday at 8:00AM by setting the EDWn, the EHRn and EMNn enable bits to `1' and setting the DWAn, HRAn and MNAn Alarm registers to 8:00AM Wednesday. - A daily alarm for 9:30PM results when the EHRn and EMNn enable bits are set to `1' and the HRAn and MNAn registers set 9:30PM. - Setting the EMOn bit in combination with other enable bits and a specific alarm time, the user can establish an alarm that triggers at the same time once a year. When there is a match, an alarm flag is set. The occurrence of an alarm can only be determined by polling the AL0 and AL1 bits.
Characteristics subject to change without notice.
Sections 1) through 3) are nonvolatile and Sections 4) and 5) are volatile. Each register is read and written through buffers. The nonvolatile portion (or the counter portion of the RTC) is updated only if RWEL is set and
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
The alarm enable bits are located in the MSB of the particular register. When all enable bits are set to `0', there are no alarms. Table 1. Clock/Control Memory Map
Addr. Type Reg Name Range 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 (optional) Factory Setting Bit
003F 0037 0036 0035 0034 0033 0032 0031 0030 0010 000F 000E 000D 000C 000B 000A 0009 0008 0007 0006 0005 0004 0003 0002 0001 0000
Status RTC (SRAM)
SR Y2K DW YR MO DT HR MN SC
BAT 0 0 Y23 0 0 MIL 0 0 BP2 0 EDW1 EMO1 EDT1 EHR1 EMN1 ESC1 0 EDW0 EMO0 EDT0 EHR0 EMN0 ESC0
AL1 0 0 Y22 0 0 0 M22 S22 BP1 0 0 0 0 0 A1M22 A1S22 0 0 0 0 0 A0M22 A0S22
AL0 Y2K21 0 Y21 0 D21 H21 M21 S21 BP0 A1Y2K21 0 0 A1D21 A1H21 A1M21 A1S21 A0Y2K21 0 0 A0D21 A0H21 A0M21 A0S21
0 Y2K20 0 Y20 G20 D20 H20 M20 S20 WD1 A1Y2K20 0 A1G20 A1D20 A1H20 A1M20 A1S20 A0Y2K20 0 A0G20 A0D20 A0H20 A0M20 A0S20
0 Y2K13 0 Y13 G13 D13 H13 M13 S13 WD0 A1Y2K13 0 A1G13 A1D13 A1H13 A1M13 A1S13 A0Y2K13 0 A0G13 A0D13 A0H13 A0M13 A0S13
RWEL 0 DY2 Y12 G12 D12 H12 M12 S12 0 0 DY2 A1G12 A1D12 A1H12 A1M12 A1S12 0 DY2 A0G12 A0D12 A0H12 A0M12 A0S12
WEL 0 DY1 Y11 G11 D11 H11 M11 S11 0 0 DY1 A1G11 A1D11 A1H11 A1M11 A1S11 0 DY1 A0G11 A0D11 A0H11 A0M11 A0S11
RTCF Y2K10 DY0 Y10 G10 D10 H10 M10 S10 0 A1Y2K10 DY0 A1G10 A1D10 A1H10 A1M10 A1S10 A0Y2K10 DY0 A0G10 A0D10 A0H10 A0M10 A0S10 20 0-6 1-12 1-31 0-23 0-59 0-59 20 0-6 1-12 1-31 0-23 0-59 0-59 20 0-6 0-99 1-12 1-31 0-23 0-59 0-59
01h 20h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 20h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 20h 0h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h
Control (EEPROM) Alarm1 (EEPROM)
BL Y2K DWA YRA MOA DTA HRA MNA SCA
Unused - Default = RTC Year value
Alarm0 (EEPROM)
Y2K0 DWA0 YRA0 MOA0 DTA0 HRA0 MNA0 SCA0
Unused - Default = RTC Year value
REAL TIME CLOCK REGISTERS Year 2000 (Y2K) The X1242 has a century byte that "rolls over" from 19 to 20 when the years byte changes from 99 to 00. The Y2K byte can contain only the values of 19 or 20.
Day of the Week Register (DW) This register provides a Day of the Week status and uses three bits DY2 to DY0 to represent the seven days of the week. The counter advances in the cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-6-0-1-2-... The assignment of a numerical value to a specific day of the week is arbitrary and may be decided by the system software designer. The Clock Default values define 0 = Sunday.
Characteristics subject to change without notice.
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Clock/Calendar Register (YR, MO, DT, HR, MN, SC) These registers depict BCD representations of the time. As such, SC (Seconds) and MN (Minutes) range from 00 to 59, HR (Hour) is 1 to 12 with an AM or PM indicator (H21 bit) or 0 to 23 (with MIL = 1), DT (Date) is 1 to 31, MO (Month) is 1 to 12, YR (year) is 0 to 99. 24-Hour Time If the MIL bit of the HR register is 1, the RTC uses a 24-hour format. If the MIL bit is 0, the RTC uses a 12hour format and bit H21 functions as an AM/PM indicator with a `1' representing PM. The clock defaults to Standard Time with H21 = 0. Leap Years Leap years add the day February 29 and are defined as those years that are divisible by 4. Years divisible by 100 are not leap years, unless they are also divisible by 400. This means that the year 2000 is a leap year, the year 2100 is not. The X1242 does not correct for the leap year in the year 2100. STATUS REGISTER (SR) The Status Register is located in the RTC area at address 003FH. This is a volatile register only and is used to control the WEL and RWEL write enable latches, read two power status and two alarm bits. This register is separate from both the array and the Clock/ Control Registers (CCR). Table 2. Status Register (SR)
Addr 003Fh Default 7 BAT 0 6 AL1 0 5 AL0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 2 RWEL 0 1 WEL 0 0 RTCF 1
RWEL: Register Write Enable Latch--Volatile This bit is a volatile latch that powers up in the LOW (disabled) state. The RWEL bit must be set to "1" prior to any writes to the Clock/Control Registers. Writes to RWEL bit do not cause a nonvolatile write cycle, so the device is ready for the next operation immediately after the stop condition. A write to the CCR requires both the RWEL and WEL bits to be set in a specific sequence. RWEL bit is reset after each high voltage or reset by sending 00h to status register. WEL: Write Enable Latch--Volatile The WEL bit controls the access to the CCR and memory array during a write operation. This bit is a volatile latch that powers up in the LOW (disabled) state. While the WEL bit is LOW, writes to the CCR or any array address will be ignored (no acknowledge will be issued after the Data Byte). The WEL bit is set by writing a "1" to the WEL bit and zeroes to the other bits of the Status Register. Once set, WEL remains set until either reset to 0 (by writing a "0" to the WEL bit and zeroes to the other bits of the Status Register) or until the part powers up again. Writes to WEL bit do not cause a nonvolatile write write cycle, so the device is ready for the next operation immediately after the stop condition. RTCF: Real Time Clock Fail Bit--Volatile This bit is set to a `1' after a total power failure. This is a read only bit that is set by hardware when the device powers up after having lost all power to the device. The bit is set regardless of whether VCC or VBACK is applied first. The loss of one or the other supplies does not result in setting the RTCF bit. The first valid write to the RTC (writing one byte is sufficient) resets the RTCF bit to `0'. Unused Bits These devices do not use bits 3 or 4, but must have a zero in these bit positions. The Data Byte output during a SR read will contain zeros in these bit locations. CONTROL REGISTER Block Protect Bits--BP2, BP1, BP0 (Nonvolatile) The Block Protect Bits, BP2, BP1 and BP0, determine which blocks of the array are write protected. A write to a protected block of memory is ignored. The block protect bits will prevent write operations to one of eight segments of the array. The partitions are described in Table 3 .
Characteristics subject to change without notice.
BAT: Battery Supply--Volatile This bit set to "1" indicates that the device is operating from VBACK, not VCC. It is a read only bit and is set/ reset by hardware. AL1, AL0: Alarm Bits--Volatile These bits announce if either alarm 1 or alarm 2 match the real time clock. If there is a match, the respective bit is set to `1'. The falling edge of the last data bit in a SR Read operation resets the flags. Note: Only the AL bits that are set when an SR read starts will be reset. An alarm bit that is set by an alarm occurring during an SR read operation will remain set after the read operation is complete.
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Figure 3. Block Protect Bits BP2 BP1 BP0 Protected Addresses X1242
None 600h - 7FFh 400h - 7FFh 000h - 7FFh 000h - 03Fh 000h - 07Fh 000h - 0FFh 000h - 1FFh
Array Lock
None Upper 1/4 Upper 1/2 Full Array First Page First 2 pgs First 4 pgs First 8 pgs
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
sequence is not completed for any reason (by sending an incorrect number of bits or sending a start instead of a stop, for example) the RWEL bit is not reset and the device remains in an active mode. See Figure 13. Use the following sequence. start AE ack 3F ack 02 ack stop Followed by start AE ack 3F ack 06 ack stop - The RWEL and WEL bits can be reset by writing a 0 to the Status Register. - A read operation occurring between any of the previous operations will not interrupt the register write operation. POWER ON RESET Application of power to the X1242 activates a Power On Reset Circuit that pulls the RESET pin active. This signal provides several benefits. - It prevents the system microprocessor from starting to operate with insufficient voltage. - It prevents the processor from operating prior to stabilization of the oscillator. - It allows time for an FPGA to download its configuration prior to initialization of the circuit. - It prevents communication to the EEPROM, greatly reducing the likelihood of data corruption on power up. When VCC exceeds the device VTRIP threshold value for 250ms the circuit releases RESET, allowing the system to begin operation. WATCHDOG TIMER OPERATION The watchdog timer is selectable. By writing a value to WD1 and WD0, the watchdog timer can be set to 3 different time out periods or off. When the Watchdog timer is set to off, the watchdog circuit is configured for low power operation. Watchdog Timer Restart The Watchdog Timer is restarted by a falling edge of SDA when the SCL line is high. This is also referred to as start condition. The restart signal restarts the watchdog timer counter, resetting the period of the counter back to the maximum. If another start fails to be detected prior to the watchdog timer expiration, then the reset pin becomes active. In the event that the restart signal occurs during a reset time out period, the restart will have no effect.
Characteristics subject to change without notice.
Watchdog Timer Control Bits The bits WD1 and WD0 control the period of the Watchdog Timer. See Table 4 for options. Figure 4. Watchdog Timer Time Out Options WD1 WD0
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
Watchdog Time Out Period
1.75 seconds 750 milliseconds 250 milliseconds disabled
WRITING TO THE CLOCK/CONTROL REGISTERS Changing any of the nonvolatile bits of the clock/control register requires the following steps: - Write a 02H to the Status Register to set the Write Enable Latch (WEL). This is a volatile operation, so there is no delay after the write. (Operation preceeded by a start and ended with a stop). - Write a 06H to the Status Register to set both the Register Write Enable Latch (RWEL) and the WEL bit. This is also a volatile cycle. The zeros in the data byte are required. (Operation preceeded by a start and ended with a stop). - Write one to 8 bytes to the Clock/Control Registers with the desired clock, alarm, or control data. This sequence starts with a start bit, requires a slave byte of "11011110" and an address within the CCR and is terminated by a stop bit. A write to the CCR changes EEPROM values so these initiate a nonvolatile write cycle and will take up to 10ms to complete. Writes to undefined areas have no effect. The RWEL bit is reset by the completion of a nonvolatile write write cycle, so the sequence must be repeated to again initiate another change to the CCR contents. If the
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Low Voltage Reset Operation When a power failure occurs, and the voltage to the part drops below a fixed vTRIP voltage, a reset pulse is issued to the host microcontroller. The circuitry monitors the VCC line with a voltage comparator which senses a preset threshold voltage. Power up and power down waveforms are shown in Figure 6. The Low Voltage Reset circuit is to be designed so the RESET signal is valid down to 1.0V. Figure 5. Watchdog Restart/Time Out
tRSP tRSPtWDO tRST tRSP>tWDO tRST
When the low voltage reset signal is active, the operation of any in progress nonvolatile write write cycle is unaffected, allowing a nonvolatile write to continue as long as possible (down to the power on reset voltage). The low voltage reset signal, when active, terminates in progress communications to the device and prevents new commands, to reduce the likelihood of data corruption.
SCL
SDA
RESET Note: All inputs are ignored during the active reset period (tRST).
Figure 6. Power On Reset and Low Voltage Reset
vTRIP VCC tPURST tRPD tR RESET tF VRVALID tPURST
VCC THRESHOLD RESET PROCEDURE The X1242 is shipped with a standard VCC threshold (VTRIP) voltage. This value will not change over normal operating and storage conditions. However, in applications where the standard VTRIP is not exactly right, or if higher precision is needed in the VTRIP value, the X1242 threshold may be adjusted. The procedure is described below, and uses the application of a nonvolatile write control signal.
Setting the VTRIP Voltage This procedure is used to set the VTRIP to a higher voltage value. For example, if the current VTRIP is 4.4V and the new VTRIP is 4.6V, this procedure will directly make the change. If the new setting is to be lower than the current setting, then it is necessary to reset the trip point before setting the new value.
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Characteristics subject to change without notice.
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
To set the new VTRIP voltage, apply the desired VTRIP threshold voltage to the VCC pin and tie the Reset pad pin to the programming voltage VP. Then write data 00h to address 01h. The stop bit following a valid write operation initiates the VTRIP programming sequence. Bring Reset Pad LOW to complete the operation. Note: This operation also writes 00h to address 01h of the EEPROM array.
Figure 7. Set VTRIP Level Sequence (VCC = desired VTRIP value.)
RESET
VP = 15V
01234567 SCL
01234567
01234567
01234567
SDA AEh 00h 01h 00h
Resetting the VTRIP Voltage This procedure is used to set the VTRIP to a "native" voltage level. For example, if the current VTRIP is 4.4V and the new VTRIP must be 4.0V, then the VTRIP must be reset. When VTRIP is reset, the new VTRIP is something less than 1.7V. This procedure must be used to set the voltage to a lower value.
To reset the new VTRIP voltage, apply more than 3V to the VCC pin and tie the Reset Pad pin to the programming voltage VP. Then write 00h to address 03h. The stop bit of a valid write operation initiates the VTRIP programming sequence. Bring Reset Pad LOW to complete the operation. Note: This operation also writes 00h to address 03h of the EEPROM array.
Figure 8. Reset VTRIP Level Sequence (VCC > VTRIP +100mV, VP = 15V)
RESET
VP = 15V
01234567 SCL
01234567
01234567
01234567
SDA AEh 00h 03h 00h
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Characteristics subject to change without notice.
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Figure 9. Sample VTRIP Reset Circuit
VP 4.7K RESET 1 8 Run SCL SDA Adjust C
VTRIP Adj.
2 X1242 7 3 8-L SOIC 6 4 5
SERIAL COMMUNICATION Interface Conventions The device supports a bidirectional bus oriented protocol. The protocol defines any device that sends data onto the bus as a transmitter, and the receiving device as the receiver. The device controlling the transfer is called the master and the device being controlled is called the slave. The master always initiates data
transfers, and provides the clock for both transmit and receive operations. Therefore, the devices in this family operate as slaves in all applications. Clock and Data Data states on the SDA line can change only during SCL LOW. SDA state changes during SCL HIGH are reserved for indicating start and stop conditions. See Figure 10.
Figure 10. Valid Data Changes on the SDA Bus
SCL
SDA Data Stable Data Change Data Stable
Start Condition All commands are preceded by the start condition, which is a HIGH to LOW transition of SDA when SCL is HIGH. The device continuously monitors the SDA and SCL lines for the start condition and will not respond to any command until this condition has been met. See Figure 11. Stop Condition All communications must be terminated by a stop condition, which is a LOW to HIGH transition of SDA when SCL is HIGH. The stop condition is also used to place
the device into the Standby power mode after a read sequence. A stop condition can only be issued by the master after the slave device has released the bus. See Figure 11. Acknowledge Acknowledge is a software convention used to indicate successful data transfer. The transmitting device, either master or slave, will release the bus after transmitting eight bits. During the ninth clock cycle, the receiver will pull the SDA line LOW to acknowledge that it received the eight bits of data. Refer to Figure 12.
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Characteristics subject to change without notice.
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Figure 11. Valid Start and Stop Conditions
SCL
SDA Start Stop
The device will respond with an acknowledge after recognition of a start condition and if the correct Device Identifier and Select bits are contained in the Slave Address Byte. If a write operation is selected, the device will respond with an acknowledge after the receipt of each subsequent eight bit word. The device will acknowledge all incoming data and address bytes, except for: - The Slave Address Byte when the Device Identifier and/or Select bits are incorrect - All Data Bytes of a write when the WEL in the Write Protect Register is LOW Figure 12. Acknowledge Response From Receiver
SCL from Master
- The 2nd Data Byte of a Status Register Write Operation (only 1 data byte is allowed) In the read mode, the device will transmit eight bits of data, release the SDA line, then monitor the line for an acknowledge. If an acknowledge is detected and no stop condition is generated by the master, the device will continue to transmit data. The device will terminate further data transmissions if an acknowledge is not detected. The master must then issue a stop condition to return the device to Standby mode and place the device into a known state.
1
8
9
Data Output from Transmitter Data Output from Receiver Start Acknowledge
WRITE OPERATIONS Byte Write For a write operation, the device requires the Slave Address Byte and the Word Address Bytes. This gives the master access to any one of the words in the array or CCR. (Note: Prior to writing to the CCR, the master must write a 02h, then 06h to the status register in two preceding operations to enable the write operation. See "Writing to the Clock/Control Registers" on page 6.) Write operation can only be done by either byte write or
by page write. Upon receipt of each address byte, the X1242 responds with an acknowledge. After receiving both address bytes the X1242 awaits the eight bits of data. After receiving the 8 data bits, the X1242 again responds with an acknowledge. The master then terminates the transfer by generating a stop condition. The X1242 then begins an internal write cycle of the data to the nonvolatile memory. During the internal write cycle, the device inputs are disabled, so the device will not respond to any requests from the master. The SDA output is at high impedance. See Figure 13.
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Characteristics subject to change without notice.
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Figure 13. Byte Write Sequence
S t a r t 1 S t o p
Signals from the Master
Slave Address 1 110 A C K
Word Address 1 0 0 00 0 A C K
Word Address 0
Data
SDA Bus Signals From The Slave
A C K
A C K
Figure 14. Writing 30-bytes to a 64-byte memory page starting at address 40.
7 Bytes
23 Bytes
Address =6
Address Pointer Ends Here Addr = 7
Address 40
Address 63
A write to a protected block of memory is ignored, but will still receive an acknowledge. At the end of the write command, the X1242 will not initiate an internal write cycle, and will continue to ACK commands. Page Write The X1242 has a page write operation. It is initiated in the same manner as the byte write operation; but instead of terminating the write cycle after the first data byte is transferred, the master can transmit up to 63 more bytes to the memory array and up to 7 more bytes to the clock/control registers. (Note: Prior to writing to the CCR, the master must write a 02h, then 06h to the status register in two preceding operations to enable the write operation. See "Writing to the Clock/ Control Registers" on page 6.) After the receipt of each byte, the X1242 responds with an acknowledge, and the address is internally incremented by one. When the counter reaches the end of the page, it "rolls over" and goes back to the first address on the same page. See Figure 14. This means that the master can write 64 bytes to a memory array page or 8 bytes to a CCR section starting at any location on that page. If the master begins writing at
location 40 of the memory and loads 30 bytes, then the first 23 bytes are written to addresses 40 through 63, and the last 7 bytes are written to columns 0 through 6. Afterwards, the address counter would point to location 7 on the page that was just written. If the master supplies more than the maximum bytes in a page, then the previously loaded data is over written by the new data, one byte at a time. The master terminates the Data Byte loading by issuing a stop condition, which causes the X1242 to begin the nonvolatile write cycle. As with the byte write operation, all inputs are disabled until completion of the internal write cycle. Refer to Figure 15 for the address, acknowledge, and data transfer sequence. Stops and Write Modes Stop conditions that terminate write operations must be sent by the master after sending at least 1 full data byte and it's associated ACK signal. If a stop is issued in the middle of a data byte, or before 1 full data byte + ACK is sent, then the X1242 resets itself without performing the write. The contents of the array are not affected.
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Figure 15. Page Write Sequence
S t a r t (1 n 64) Slave Address Word Address 1 Word Address 0 Data (1) Data (n) S t o p
Signals from the Master
SDA Bus Signals from the Slave
1
11 10 A C K
00000 A C K A C K A C K
Figure 16. Current Address Read Sequence
Signals from the Master S t a r t 1 S t o p
Slave Address
SDA Bus Signals from the Slave
1 1 11 A C K Data
Acknowledge Polling Disabling of the inputs during nonvolatile write cycles can be used to take advantage of the typical 5ms write cycle time. Once the stop condition is issued to indicate the end of the master's byte load operation, the X1242 initiates the internal nonvolatile write cycle. Acknowledge polling can begin immediately. To do this, the master issues a start condition followed by the Slave Address Byte for a write or read operation. If the X1242 is still busy with the nonvolatile write cycle then no ACK will be returned. When the X1242 has completed the write operation, an ACK is returned and the host can proceed with the read or write operation. Refer to the flow chart in Figure 17. Read Operations There are three basic read operations: Current Address Data Read, Random Read, and Sequential Read. Read operations can be done by either a byte read or a sequential read. A sequential read can be in either the CCR or EEPROM array. The counter will
increment after each read until the end of the address space is reached. Then it will `roll over' to the start of the current address space. Current Address Data Read Internally the X1242 contains an address counter that maintains the address of the last word read incremented by one. Therefore, if the last read was to address n, the next read operation would access data from address n + 1. On power up, the sixteen bit address is initialized to 0h. In this way, a current address read immediately after the power on reset can download the entire contents of memory starting at the first location.Upon receipt of the Slave Address Byte with the R/W bit set to one, the X1242 issues an acknowledge, then transmits eight data bits. The master terminates the read operation by not responding with an acknowledge during the ninth clock and issuing a stop condition. Refer to Figure 16 for the address, acknowledge, and data transfer sequence.
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Figure 17. Acknowledge Polling Sequence Random Read Random read operations allows the master to access any location in the X1242. Prior to issuing the Slave Address Byte with the R/W bit set to one, the master must first perform a "dummy" write operation. The master issues the start condition and the slave address byte, receives an acknowledge, then issues the word address bytes. After acknowledging receipt of each word address byte, the master immediately issues another start condition and the slave address byte with the R/W bit set to one. This is followed by an acknowledge from the device and then by the eight bit data word. The master terminates the read operation by not responding with an acknowledge and then issuing a stop condition. Refer to Figure 18 for the address, acknowledge, and data transfer sequence. In a similar operation called "Set Current Address," the device sets the address if a stop is issued instead of the second start shown in Figure 18. The X1242 then goes into standby mode after the stop and all bus activity will be ignored until a start is detected. This operation loads the new address into the address counter. The next Current Address Read operation will read from the newly loaded address. This operation could be useful if the master knows the next address it needs to read, but is not ready for the data. Sequential Read Sequential reads can be initiated as either a current address read or random address read. The first data byte is transmitted as with the other modes; however, the master now responds with an acknowledge, indicating it requires additional data. The device continues to output data for each acknowledge received. The master terminates the read operation by not responding with an acknowledge and then issuing a stop condition.
Byte Load Completed by Issuing STOP. Enter ACK Polling
Issue START
Issue Slave Address Byte (Read or Write) NO
Issue STOP
ACK Returned? YES Nonvolatile Write Cycle Complete. Continue Command Sequence? YES Continue Normal Read or Write Command Sequence
NO Issue STOP
PROCEED
It should be noted that the ninth clock cycle of the read operation is not a "don't care." To terminate a read operation, the master must either issue a stop condition during the ninth cycle or hold SDA HIGH during the ninth clock cycle and then issue a stop condition. Figure 18. Random Address Read Sequence
S t a r t 1
Signals from the Master
Slave Address 1 1 11 A C K
Word Address 1 000 00 A C K
Word Address 0
S t a r t 1 A C K
Slave Address 1 1 11 A C K Data
S t o p
SDA Bus Signals from the Slave
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
The data output is sequential, with the data from address n followed by the data from address n + 1. The address counter for read operations increments through all page and column addresses, allowing the entire memory contents to be serially read during one Figure 19. Sequential Read Sequence
Signals from the Master Slave Address S t o p
operation. At the end of the address space the counter "rolls over" to the start of the address space and the X1242 continues to output data for each acknowledge received. Refer to Figure 19 for the acknowledge and data transfer sequence.
A C K
A C K
A C K
SDA Bus Signals from the Slave
1 A C K
Data (1)
Data (2)
Data (n-1)
Data (n)
(n is any integer greater than 1)
DEVICE ADDRESSING Following a start condition, the master must output a Slave Address Byte. The first four bits of the Slave Address Byte specify access to either the EEPROM array or to the CCR. Slave bits `1010' access the EEPROM array. Slave bits `1101' access the CCR. Bit 3 through Bit 1 of the slave byte specify the device select bits. These are set to `111'. The last bit of the Slave Address Byte defines the operation to be performed. When this R/W bit is a one, then a read operation is selected. A zero selects a write operation. Refer to Figure 19. After loading the entire Slave Address Byte from the SDA bus, the X1242 compares the device identifier and device select bits with `1010111' or `1101111'. Upon a correct compare, the device outputs an acknowledge on the SDA line.
Following the Slave Byte is a two byte word address. The word address is either supplied by the master device or obtained from an internal counter. On power up the internal address counter is set to address 0h, so a current address read of the EEPROM array starts at address 0. When required, as part of a random read, the master must supply the 2 Word Address Bytes as shown in Figure 20. In a random read operation, the slave byte in the "dummy write" portion must match the slave byte in the "read" section. That is if the random read is from the array the slave byte must be 1010111x in both instances. Similarly, for a random read of the Clock/ Control Registers, the slave byte must be 1101111x in both places.
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Figure 20. Slave Address, Word Address, and Data Bytes (64-Byte Pages)
Device Identifier
Array CCR
1 1
0 1
1 0
0 1
1
1
1
R/W
Slave Address Byte Byte 0
0
0
0
0
0
A10
A9
A8
High Order Word Address Byte 1
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
Low Order Word Address Byte 2
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Data Byte Byte 3
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Temperature under bias .................... -65C to +135C Storage temperature ...........................65C to +150C Voltage on any pin (respect to ground)...............................-1.0V to 7.0V DC output current................................................ 5 mA Lead temperature (soldering, 10 sec) ................300C Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device (at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification) is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Temperature = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise stated.) Symbol
VCC VBACK VCB VBC ICC1 ICC2 ICC3 IBACK1 IBACK2
Parameter
Main Power Supply Backup Power Supply Switch to Backup Supply Switch to Main Supply Read Active Supply Current Program Supply Current (nonvolatile) Main Timekeeping Current Backup Timekeeping Current Backup Timekeeping Current (External crystal network) Input Leakage Current Output Leakage Current Input LOW Voltage Input HIGH Voltage Schmitt Trigger Input Hysteresis Output LOW Voltage Output HIGH Voltage
Conditions
Min.
2.7 1.8 VBACK - 0.2 VBACK
Typ.
Max.
5.5 5.5 VBACK - 0.1 VBACK + 0.1 400 800 1.5 3.0 2.0 2.5 1.0 1.5
Unit
V V V V A A mA mA A A A A A A A A V V V
Notes
17 17 4, 5, 8, 15 4, 5, 8, 16, 17 4, 5, 7, 16, 17 4, 7, 10, 16, 17 4, 7, 10, 16, 17
VCC = 2.7V VCC = 5.5V VCC = 2.7V VCC = 5.5V VCC = 2.7V VCC =5.5V VBACK = 1.8V VBACK = 5.5V VBACK = 1.8V VBACK = 5.5V 1.6 7.5
3 15 10 10
ILI ILO VIL VIH VHYS VOL VOH
11 11 5, 14 5, 14 14 12 13
-0.5 VCC x 0.7 or VBACK x 0.7 VCC related level VCC = 2.7V VCC = 5.5V VCC = 2.7V VCC = 5.5V 1.6 2.4 .05 x VCC or .05 x VBACK
VCC x 0.2 or VBACK x 0.2 VCC + 0.5 VBACK + 0.5
0.4 0.4
V V
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Notes: (1) The device enters the Active state after any start, and remains active: for 9 clock cycles if the Device Select Bits in the Slave Address Byte are incorrect or until 200ns after a stop ending a read or write operation. (2) The device enters the Program state 200ns after a stop ending a write operation and continues for t WC. (3) The device goes into the Timekeeping state 200ns after any stop, except those that initiate a nonvolatile write write cycle; t WC after a stop that initiates a nonvolatile write cycle; or 9 clock cycles after any start that is not followed by the correct Device Select Bits in the Slave Address Byte. (4) For reference only and not tested. (5) VIL = VCC x 0.1, VIH = VCC x 0.9, fSCL = 400kHz, SDA = Open (6) VIL = VCC x 0.1, VIH = VCC x 0.9, fSCL = 400kHz, fSDA = 400kHz, VCC = 1.22 x VCC Min (7) VCC = 0V. (8) VBACK = 0V. (9) VSDA = VSCL = VCC, Others = GND or VCC (10)VSDA = VSCL = VBACK, Others = GND or VBACK (11)VSDA = GND to VCC, VCLK = GND or VCC (12)IOL = 3.0mA at 5V, 1.5mA at 2.7V (13)IOH = -1.0mA at 5V, -0.4mA at 2.7V (14)Threshold voltages based on the higher of VCC or VBACK. (15)Driven by external 32.748Hz square wave oscillator on X1, X2 open. (16)Using recommended crystal and oscillator network applied to X1 and X2 (25C). (17)Periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
CAPACITANCE TA = 25C, f = 1.0 MHz, VCC = 5V Symbol
COUT
(1)
Parameter
Output Capacitance (SDA, RESET) Input Capacitance (SCL)
Max.
8 6
Unit
pF pF
Test Conditions
VOUT = 0V VIN = 0V
CIN(1)
Note:
(1) This parameter is not 100% tested.
AC CHARACTERISTICS AC Test Conditions
Input pulse levels Input rise and fall times Input and output timing levels Output load VCC x 0.1 to VCC x 0.9 10ns VCC x 0.5 Standard output load
Equivalent AC Output Load Circuit for VCC = 5V (Standard Output Load for testing the device with VCC = 5.0V)
5.0V
1533 SDA 100pF
For VOL= 0.4V and IOL = 3 mA
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
AC SPECIFICATIONS (TA = -40C to +85C, VCC = +2.7V to +3.6V, unless otherwise specified.) Symbol
fSCL tIN tAA tBUF tLOW tHIGH tSU:STA tHD:STA tSU:DAT tHD:DAT tSU:STO tDH tR tF Cb SCL Clock Frequency Pulse width Suppression Time at inputs SCL LOW to SDA Data Out Valid Time the bus must be free before a new transmission can start Clock LOW Time Clock HIGH Time Start Condition Setup Time Start Condition Hold Time Data In Setup Time Data In Hold Time Stop Condition Setup Time Data Output Hold Time SDA and SCL Rise Time SDA and SCL Fall Time Capacitive load for each bus line 20 +
Parameter
Min.
0 50 0.1 1.3 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 100 0 0.6 50 20 + .1Cb(3) .1Cb(3)
Max.
400 0.9
Unit
kHz ns s s s s s s ns s s ns
300 300 400
ns ns pF
Notes: (1) Typical values are for TA = 25C and VCC = 5.0V (2) This parameter is not 100% tested. (3) Cb = total capacitance of one bus line in pF.
TIMING DIAGRAMS Bus Timing
tF SCL tSU:STA SDA IN tHD:STA tSU:DAT tHD:DAT tSU:STO tHIGH tLOW tR
tAA SDA OUT
tDH
tBUF
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Write Cycle Timing
SCL
SDA
8th Bit of Last Byte
ACK tWC Stop Condition Start Condition
Power Up Timing Symbol
tPUR(1) tPUW
(1)
Parameter
Time from Power Up to Read Time from Power Up to Write
Min.
Typ.(2)
Max.
1 5
Unit
ms ms
Notes: (1) Delays are measured from the time VCC is stable until the specified operation can be initiated. These parameters are not 100% tested. (2) Typical values are for TA = 25C and VCC = 5.0V
Nonvolatile Write Cycle Timing Symbol
tWC
(1)
Parameter
Write Cycle Time
Min.
Typ.(1)
5
Max.
10
Unit
ms
Notes: (1) tWC is the time from a valid stop condition at the end of a write sequence to the end of the self-timed internal nonvolatile write cycle. It is the minimum cycle time to be allowed for any nonvolatile write by the user, unless Acknowledge Polling is used.
WATCHDOG TIMER/LOW VOLTAGE RESET OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS Symbol
VPTRIP
Parameter
Pre-Programmed Reset Trip Voltage X1242-4.5A X1242 X1242-2.7A X1242-2.7 VCC Detect to RST LOW (RST HIGH) Power Up Reset Time Out Delay VCC Fall Time VCC Rise Time Watchdog Timer Period: WD1 = 0, WD0 = 0 WD1 = 0, WD0 = 1 WD1 = 1, WD0 = 0 Watchdog Reset Time Out Delay 2-Wire Interface Reset Valid VCC
Min.
4.49 4.25 2.76 2.57 100 10 10 1.7 725 225 225 1 1.0
Typ.
4.68 4.38 2.85 2.65 200
Max.
4.77 4.51 2.94 2.73 500 400
Unit
V
tRPD tPURST1 tF tR tWDO
ns ms s s
1.75 750 250 250
1.8 775 275 275
s ms ms ms s V
tRST1 tRSP VRVALID
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
VTRIP Programming Timing Diagram
VCC (VTRIP)
VTRIP tTSU tTHD
VP Reset Pad tVPS tVPH tVPO
SCL tRP SDA
A0h
01h or 03h
00h
VTRIP Programming Parameters Parameter
tVPS tVPH tTSU tTHD tWC tVPO tRP VP VTRAN Vta1 Vta2 Vtr Vtv
Description
VTRIP Program Enable Voltage Setup time VTRIP Program Enable Voltage Hold time VTRIP Setup time VTRIP Hold (stable) time VTRIP Write Cycle Time VTRIP Program Enable Voltage Off time (Between successive adjustments) VTRIP Program Recovery Period (Between successive adjustments) Programming Voltage VTRIP Programmed Voltage Range Initial VTRIP Program Voltage accuracy (VCC applied-VTRIP) (Programmed at 25C.) Subsequent VTRIP Program Voltage accuracy [(VCC applied-Vta1)--VTRIP. Programmed at 25C.) VTRIP Program Voltage repeatability (Successive program operations. Programmed at 25C.) VTRIP Program variation after programming (0-75C). (Programmed at 25C.)
Min.
1 1 1 10
Max.
Unit
s s s ms
10 0 10 15 1.7 -0.1 -25 -25 -25 18 5.0 +0.4 +25 +25 +25
ms s ms V V V mV mV mV
VTRIP programming parameters are not 100% tested.
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
PACKAGING INFORMATION 8-Lead Plastic, SOIC, Package Code S8
0.150 (3.80) 0.228 (5.80) 0.158 (4.00) 0.244 (6.20) Pin 1 Index Pin 1
0.014 (0.35) 0.019 (0.49) 0.188 (4.78) 0.197 (5.00) (4X) 7
0.053 (1.35) 0.069 (1.75) 0.004 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25)
0.050 (1.27)
0.010 (0.25) X 45 0.020 (0.50)
0.050"Typical
0 - 8 0.0075 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.410) 0.037 (0.937) 0.250"
0.050" Typical
FOOTPRINT
0.030" Typical 8 Places
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
PACKAGING INFORMATION 8-Lead Plastic, TSSOP, Package Code V8
.025 (.65) BSC
.169 (4.3) .252 (6.4) BSC .177 (4.5)
.114 (2.9) .122 (3.1) .047 (1.20) .0075 (.19) .0118 (.30) .002 (.05) .006 (.15)
.010 (.25) Gage Plane 0 - 8 .019 (.50) .029 (.75) Detail A (20X) (1.78) .031 (.80) .041 (1.05) See Detail "A" (0.42) (0.65) All Measurements Are Typical Seating Plane (4.16) (7.72)
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Ordering Information VCC Range
4.5 - 5.5V
VTRIP
4.63V 3%
Package
8L SOIC 8L TSSOP
Operating Temperature Range
0C-70C -40C-85C 0C-70C -40C-85C 0C-70C -40C-85C 0C-70C -40C-85C 0C-70C -40C-85C 0C-70C -40C-85C 0C-70C -40C-85C 0C-70C -40C-85C
Part Number 16Kbit EEPROM
X1242S8-4.5A X1242S8I-4.5A X1242V8-4.5A X1242V8I-4.5A X1242S8 X1242S8I X1242V8 X1242V8I X1242S8-2.7A X1242S8I-2.7A X1242V8-2.7A X1242V8I-2.7A X1242S8-2.7 X1242S8I-2.7 X1242V8-2.7 X1242V8I-2.7
4.5 - 5.5V
4.38V 3%
8L SOIC 8L TSSOP
2.7 - 3.6V
2.85V 5%
8L SOIC 8L TSSOP
2.7 - 3.6V
2.65V 5%
8L SOIC 8L TSSOP
Part Mark Information 8-Lead TSSOP EYWW XXXXX 242AL = 4.5 to 5.5V, 0 to +70C, VTRIP = 4.63V 3% 242AM = 4.5 to 5.5V, -40 to +85C, VTRIP = 4.63V 3% 1242 = 4.5 to 5.5V, 0 to +70C, VTRIP = 4.38V 3% 1242I = 4.5 to 5.5V, -40 to +85C, VTRIP = 4.38V 3% 242AN = 2.7 to 3.6V, 0 to +70C, VTRIP = 2.85V 3% 242AP = 2.7 to 3.6V, -40 to +85C, VTRIP = 2.85V 3% 1242F = 2.7 to 3.6V, 0 to +70C, VTRIP = 2.65V 3% 1242G = 2.7 to 3.6V, -40 to +85C, VTRIP = 2.65V 3%
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X1242 - Preliminary Information
Part Mark Information 8-Lead SOIC X1242 EYWWXX AL = 4.5 to 5.5V, 0 to +70C, VTRIP = 4.63V 3% AM = 4.5 to 5.5V, -40 to +85C, VTRIP = 4.63V 3% Blank = 4.5 to 5.5V, 0 to +70C, VTRIP = 4.38V 3% I = 4.5 to 5.5V, -40 to +85C, VTRIP = 4.38V 3% AN = 2.7 to 3.6V, 0 to +70C, VTRIP = 2.85V 3% AP = 2.7 to 3.6V, -40 to +85C, VTRIP = 2.85V 3% F = 2.7 to 3.6V, 0 to +70C, VTRIP = 2.65V 3% G = 2.7 to 3.6V, -40 to +85C, VTRIP = 2.65V 3%
LIMITED WARRANTY
(c)Xicor, Inc. 2001 Patents Pending
Devices sold by Xicor, Inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Xicor, Inc. reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Xicor, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Xicor, Inc. product. No other circuits, patents, or licenses are implied. COPYRIGHTS AND TRADEMARKS Xicor, Inc., the Xicor logo, E2POT, XDCP, XBGA, AUTOSTORE, Direct Write cell, Concurrent Read-Write, PASS, MPS, PushPOT, Block Lock, IdentiPROM, E2KEY, X24C16, SecureFlash, and SerialFlash are all trademarks or registered trademarks of Xicor, Inc. All other brand and product names mentioned herein are used for identification purposes only, and are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. U.S. PATENTS Xicor products are covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,326,134; 4,393,481; 4,404,475; 4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846; 4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829,482; 4,874,967; 4,883,976; 4,980,859; 5,012,132; 5,003,197; 5,023,694; 5,084,667; 5,153,880; 5,153,691; 5,161,137; 5,219,774; 5,270,927; 5,324,676; 5,434,396; 5,544,103; 5,587,573; 5,835,409; 5,977,585. Foreign patents and additional patents pending. LIFE RELATED POLICY In situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the system with appropriate error detection and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prevent such an occurrence. Xicor's products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems. 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
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